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Argemone glauca var. glauca

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Ranunculopsida Order: Ranunculales Family: Papaveraceae Genus: Argemone

kala, naule, pōkalakala, pua kala

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect, glaucous perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems somewhat woody at base, 7–15 dm long, branches suberect, usually moderately to densely covered with yellow, sharp, stiff prickles, bright yellow latex.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–elliptic, pinnately deeply lobed ca. ½–¾ to midrib, 8–21 cm long, 6–11 cm wide. Base sessile. Surfaces conspicuously glaucous, both surfaces usually with prickles on veins, these sometimes absent (Ka & H), margin teeth tipped with prickles. Margins irregularly sinuate–dentate. Petioles absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers terminal, solitary. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, buds oblong, 1.6–2.4 cm long, smooth or prickly. Calyx of (2)3(–6) sepals, each with a subterminal horn tipped by a prickle, horns subterete, 3–5(–7) mm long, caducous; each sepal with ca. 12–30 prickles, these rarely absent. Corolla of 6 petals, white, broadly obovate, distinct, 3–5.5 cm long. Stamens ca. 70–80; filaments pale yellow; anthers linear, coiled after dehiscence, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3–6-carpellate, 1-celled; stigma purple, 3–7-lobed, 2–4 mm long at anthesis.

Fruit: Capsules ovoid to lanceoloid; 3–6 cm long; sparsely to densely covered with prickles; 2– 6 mm long; 35–65 prickles per valve. Seeds numerous; blackish brown; dull; subglobose; 2–2.5 mm in diameter; reticulate; endosperm oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Coastal dry woodland.

Elevation Range: 0–520 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Kaho'olawe Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1005 (Ni, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Lorence et al. 1995:43 (K); Wood & LeGrande 2006:25 (Le)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Argemone glauca var. glauca Lanai Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 869 Lanai BISH 1955-07-02
2 Argemone glauca var. glauca Diamond Head Beach Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1068 Oahu BISH 1909-01-26
3 Argemone glauca var. glauca Mokulua South, Oahu. Sheer areeas of north and east sides Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5022314 Oahu BISH 2005-02-23
4 Argemone glauca var. glauca Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 611 Molokai BISH 1915-03-24
5 Argemone glauca var. glauca Haleakala, along Hwy. 31, between Makena and #37 Rd Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620421000 Maui BISH 1962-04-21
6 Argemone glauca var. glauca Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 139 Lanai BISH 1913-10-10
7 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kaohikaipu Islet, Makapuu Point Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 4079 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
8 Argemone glauca var. glauca Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 6 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
9 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koele Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 184 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
10 Argemone glauca var. glauca Puu Koae Islet Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1952 Kahoolawe BISH 1984-02-11
11 Argemone glauca var. glauca Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 376 Lanai BISH 1928-08-01
12 Argemone glauca var. glauca Rabbit Island Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
13 Argemone glauca var. glauca Manana, Oahu Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5022515 Oahu BISH 2005-02-25
14 Argemone glauca var. glauca Growing at various parts of the Pali Kapu O Keona,. Kealakekua Bay Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Hawaii BISH 1985-09-04
15 Argemone glauca var. glauca Foot of plateau Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
16 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kahoolawe Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kahoolawe BISH 1913-02-10
17 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Lathrop, C. Oahu BISH 1958-05-03
18 Argemone glauca var. glauca Oahu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1919-01-01
19 Argemone glauca var. glauca Palehua Rd., Waianae Range, 1/2-1 mi from beginning, 150 yds. above sugare cane fields, just below Palehua Ranch rd. turnoff Preserved_Specimen Hutchison, P.C. 2800 Oahu BISH 1965-05-16
20 Argemone glauca var. glauca East Maui, along Hana Hwy. E of Kuau Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2885 Maui BISH 1987-06-23
21 Argemone glauca var. glauca Piilani Hwy. near Ulupalakua Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1986 Maui BISH 1971-07-09
22 Argemone glauca var. glauca Lehua Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 6 Lehua Rock BISH 1931-04-18
23 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1916-01-01
24 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Lathrop, C. Oahu BISH 1958-05-03
25 Argemone glauca var. glauca Milolii Beach Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1984-07-16
26 Argemone glauca var. glauca Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
27 Argemone glauca var. glauca East Maui, 3.6 mi beyond Ulupalakua, ranch office on Piilani Hwy., Kanaio area Preserved_Specimen Zimmerman, E.C. Maui BISH 1971-01-22
28 Argemone glauca var. glauca East Maui, 3.6 mi beyond Ulupalakua, ranch office on Piilani Hwy., Kanaio area Preserved_Specimen Zimmerman, E.C. Maui BISH 1971-01-22
29 Argemone glauca var. glauca Mokulua islets, off Lanikai Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1936-06-14
30 Argemone glauca var. glauca Ca. 400 m SW of intersection of roads to LZ-1 and LZ-3; on S side of road, area recently burned. UTM coordinates 751200-2274200 Preserved_Specimen Warren, S. 17 Kahoolawe BISH 1987-04-10
31 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1916-01-01
32 Argemone glauca var. glauca Honolulu, New Bingham Tract, lower Manoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, A. Oahu BISH 1920-07-21
33 Argemone glauca var. glauca 3.6 miles beyond Ulupelakua Ranch office on Piilani Highway Preserved_Specimen Immerman, E.C. Maui BISH 1971-01-22
34 Argemone glauca var. glauca unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 345 BISH 1864-01-01
35 Argemone glauca var. glauca Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 115 Lanai BISH 1913-01-01
36 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head crevices of rock, very dry Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 947 Oahu BISH 1948-04-16
37 Argemone glauca var. glauca Honolulu, 1940 Manoa Rd full sun Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1063 Oahu BISH 1985-06-08
38 Argemone glauca var. glauca Puu Koae Islet Dry herb, grassland; Waltheria indica, Sida fallax, Sesbania tomentosa, Portulaca molokiniensis, Bidens mauiensis, Melanthera lavarum, Capparis sandwichiana, Argemone glauca, Heteropogon contortus, Eragrostis leptophylla, Panicum torridum, Panicum fauriei, Jacquemontia, Ipomoea tuboides Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12925 Kahoolawe BISH 2008-03-26
39 Argemone glauca var. glauca Makaalae Point, above, NW [part of island Prosopis scrub Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 338 Kahoolawe BISH 1980-04-21
40 Argemone glauca var. glauca Awanui Gulch, Waianae Mts., Honouliulu dry Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13814 Oahu BISH 1937-05-02
41 Argemone glauca var. glauca Manana Island head of large valley on outside of crater to S of island; on beach Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 2583 Oahu BISH 1964-03-01
42 Argemone glauca var. glauca Makua Valley, Waianae Mts floor, dry, flat Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12337 Oahu BISH 1935-11-17
43 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kaalualu Bay near South Point disturbed and lava Preserved_Specimen Whistler, W.A. 34 Hawaii BISH 1972-04-06
44 Argemone glauca var. glauca near Sealife Park rocky slopes, in haole koa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3508 Oahu BISH 1987-04-17
45 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koolaupoko, near Makapuu point dry, rocky, roadside Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
46 Argemone glauca var. glauca East Maui, Hana District, Kauiki head on SE side of Hana Bay Casuarina, Terminalia, Syzygium, Ardisia, Lantana. Crest of ridge with Casuarina, Phymatosorus, Osteomeles Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2413 Maui BISH 1987-10-10
47 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Crater rim Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1313 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
48 Argemone glauca var. glauca Puu Koae island, along S coast, growing on talus slope On tallus slope with Bidens and Capparis Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 8057 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-27
49 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koko Head edge of crater Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. Oahu BISH 1924-11-16
50 Argemone glauca var. glauca Mahana arid clay and rock slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28578 Lanai BISH 1963-08-09
51 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kaneohe, Moku Manu guano covered basalt rocks Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14095 Oahu BISH 1937-06-18
52 Argemone glauca var. glauca Awanui Gulch, Waianae Mts., Honouliulu dry Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13814 Oahu BISH 1937-05-02
53 Argemone glauca var. glauca Heeia Flats, Heleloa roadside Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10559 Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
54 Argemone glauca var. glauca above Halona slopes, on lamminated beds of tufa, along ledges formed by spalling of tufa blocks, no soil; plant penetrates cracks in substrate with a large taproot Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3514 Oahu BISH 1987-04-17
55 Argemone glauca var. glauca near Sealife Park rocky slopes, in haole koa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3508 Oahu BISH 1987-04-17
56 Argemone glauca var. glauca Mahana arid clay slope with pili, sida, Lipochaeta Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30158 Lanai BISH 1963-07-17
57 Argemone glauca var. glauca crater of Diamond Head thickets Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 17988 Oahu BISH 1937-05-28
58 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kawaewae Dry hill Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22727 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
59 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kealakoma, plot 31 near road Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 660627044 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-27
60 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kealakoma, plot 31 near road Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 660627044 Hawaii BISH 1966-06-27
61 Argemone glauca var. glauca Below Pahala, Kau District, growing beside jeep trail in pasture with exotic grasses and shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 842 Hawaii BISH 1981-08-02
62 Argemone glauca var. glauca Waimea; Middle of cow pasture. Preserved_Specimen Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1992-08-04
63 Argemone glauca var. glauca Koloa District. National Tropical Botanical Garden in Lawai Valley. McByrde Garden, native Hawaiian section along W side of road. Cultivated. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 10695 Kauai BISH 2017-04-29
64 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kaneohe, Moku Manu guano covered basalt rocks Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14095 Oahu BISH 1937-06-18
65 Argemone glauca var. glauca Cane Rd. near Kaamooloa, Waialua silty loam Preserved_Specimen Afualo, D. 74 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
66 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kalaupapa National Historical Park costal sedgeland shrubland with sid fal costal near concrete slab and old boom site Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 796 Molokai BISH 2005-08-20
67 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kalaupapa, Kalawao-Kauhako Rd weedy open field Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3516 Molokai BISH 1960-05-29
68 Argemone glauca var. glauca Kaohikaipu Islet, Waimanalo Bay open slope Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 14053 Oahu BISH 1937-06-13
69 Argemone glauca var. glauca above Halona slopes, on lamminated beds of tufa, along ledges formed by spalling of tufa blocks, no soil; plant penetrates cracks in substrate with a large taproot Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3514 Oahu BISH 1987-04-17
70 Argemone glauca var. glauca near Sealife Park rocky slopes, in haole koa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3508 Oahu BISH 1987-04-17
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